{"tempdata":{},"viewdata":{},"model":{"othercategoryid":187,"othercategory":null,"title":"高分子材料是什么?","source":"智汇华园","brief":"高分子材料按来源分为天然高分子材料和合成高分子材料。","context":"<p><br/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">高分子材料以高分子化合物为基础的材料</span></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><sw-1150 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; visibility: visible;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4.10667vw; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px; visibility: visible;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; visibility: visible;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; visibility: visible;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text; visibility: visible;\">高分子材料也称为聚合物材料，是以高分子化合物为基体，再配有其他添加剂（助剂）所构成的材料。</swan-text></swan-view></swan-view></swan-view></sw-1150><sw-1153 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: medium; visibility: visible;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4.10667vw; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 18px; line-height: 28px; visibility: visible;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; visibility: visible;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: flex; visibility: visible;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text; min-width: 31.4013vw; visibility: visible;\">中文名</swan-text><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; visibility: visible;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; visibility: visible;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text; visibility: visible;\">高分子材料</swan-text></swan-view></swan-view></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: flex; visibility: visible;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text; min-width: 31.4013vw; visibility: visible;\">外文名</swan-text><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; visibility: visible;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; visibility: visible;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text; visibility: visible;\">macromolecular material</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; visibility: visible;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text; visibility: visible;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;\"/></swan-text></swan-view></swan-view></swan-view></swan-view></swan-view></sw-1153></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img src=\"/files/202303/216381500856688825153688166.jpg\" title=\"02.jpg\" alt=\"02.jpg\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 6.28vw 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 21px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-rich-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">分类</swan-rich-text></swan-view></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 6.28vw 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 21px; font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; right: 0px; top: -9px; font-size: 0px;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; width: 22px; height: 48px; background-image: url(&quot;https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/DA9icT7k0FZ8klGSiaA9AQWDUCTwGWfAy2EHJldYtf4zusjkIQdGsxaia8E0uicKpKczqnDoPbFUYyI8icmTtwgUo2w/640?wx_fmt=png&quot;); background-size: auto 22px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 0px center;\"></swan-view></swan-view></swan-view></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 6.28vw 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-rich-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">高分子材料按来源分类</swan-rich-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">高分子材料按来源分为天然高分子材料和合成高分子材料。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">天然高分子是存在于动物、植物及生物体内的高分子物质，可分为天然纤维、天然树脂、天然橡胶、动物胶等。合成高分子材料主要是指塑料、合成橡胶和合成纤维三大合成材料，此外还包括胶黏剂、涂料以及各种功能性高分子材料。合成高分子材料具有天然高分子材料所没有的或较为优越的性能——较小的密度、较高的力学、耐磨性、耐腐蚀性、电绝缘性等。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 6.28vw 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-rich-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">高分子材料按应用分类</swan-rich-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">高分子材料按特性分为橡胶、纤维、塑料、</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">高分子胶粘剂</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">、高分子涂料和高分子基复合材料等。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">①橡胶是一类线型柔性</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">高分子聚合物</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">。其分子链间次价力小，分子链柔性好，在外力作用下可产生较大形变，除去外力后能迅速恢复原状。有天然橡胶和</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">合成橡胶</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">两种。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">②纤维分为天然</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">纤维</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">和化学纤维。前者指蚕丝、棉、麻、毛等。后者是以天然高分子或合成高分子为原料，经过纺丝和后处理制得。纤维的次价力大、形变能力小、模量高，一般为结晶聚合物。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">③塑料是以合成树脂或</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">化学改性</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">的天然高分子为主要成分，再加入填料、增塑剂和其他添加剂制得。其分子间次价力、模量和形变量等介于橡胶和纤维之间。通常按合成树脂的特性分为</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">热固性塑料</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">和热塑性塑料；按用途又分为通用塑料和</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">工程塑料</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">④高分子胶粘剂是以合成</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">天然高分子化合物</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">为主体制成的</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">胶粘材料</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">。分为天然和合成胶粘剂两种。应用较多的是合成胶粘剂。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">⑤高分子涂料是以聚合物为主要成膜物质，添加</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">溶剂</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">和各种添加剂制得。根据成膜物质不同，分为</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">油脂</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">涂料、天然树脂涂料和</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">合成树脂涂料</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">⑥高分子基复合材料是以高分子化合物为基体，添加各种增强材料制得的一种复合材料。它综合了原有材料的性能特点，并可根据需要进行材料设计。高分子复合材料也称为高分子改性，改性分为分子改性和共混改性。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">⑦</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">功能高分子材料</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">。功能高分子材料除具有聚合物的一般力学性能、绝缘性能和热性能外，还具有物质、能量和信息的转换、磁性、传递和储存等特殊功能。已实用的有高分子信息转换材料、高分子透明材料、高分子模拟酶、生物降解高分子材料、高分子</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">形状记忆材料</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">和医用、</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">药用高分子材料</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">等。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">高聚物根据其机械性能和使用状态可分为上述几类。但是各类高聚物之间并无严格的界限，同一高聚物，采用不同的合成方法和成型工艺，可以制成塑料，也可制成纤维，比如尼龙就是如此。而</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">聚氨酯</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">一类的高聚物，在室温下既有玻璃态性质，又有很好的弹性，所以很难说它是橡胶还是塑料。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 6.28vw 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-rich-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">高分子材料按应用功能分类</swan-rich-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">按照材料应用功能分类，高分子材料分为通用高分子材料、特种高分子材料和功能高分子材料三大类。通用高分子材料指能够大规模工业化生产，已普遍应用于建筑、交通运输、农业、电气电子工业等国民经济主要领域和人们日常生活的高分子材料。这其中又分为塑料、橡胶、纤维、粘合剂、涂料等不同类型。特种高分子材料主要是一类具有优良机械强度和耐热性能的高分子材料，如聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺等材料，已广泛应用于工程材料上。功能高分子材料是指具有特定的功能作用，可做功能材料使用的高分子化合物，包括功能性分离膜、导电材料、医用高分子材料、液晶高分子材料等。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 6.28vw 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-rich-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">按高分子主链结构分类</swan-rich-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">①碳链高分子：分子主链由C原子组成，如：PP、PE、PVC</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">②杂链高聚物：分子主链由C、O、N、P等原子构成。如：聚</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">酰胺</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">、聚酯、硅油</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">③元素有机高聚物：分子主链不含C原子，仅由一些杂原子组成的高分子。如：硅橡胶</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 6.28vw 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-rich-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">其它分类</swan-rich-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">按高分子主链几何形状分类：线型高聚物，支链型高聚物，体型高聚物。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">按高分子微观排列情况分类：结晶高聚物，半晶高聚物，非晶高聚物。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 6.28vw 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 21px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-rich-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">特征</swan-rich-text><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; right: 0px; top: -9px; font-size: 0px;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; width: 22px; height: 48px; background-image: url(&quot;https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/DA9icT7k0FZ8klGSiaA9AQWDUCTwGWfAy2EHJldYtf4zusjkIQdGsxaia8E0uicKpKczqnDoPbFUYyI8icmTtwgUo2w/640?wx_fmt=png&quot;); background-size: auto 22px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 0px center;\"></swan-view></swan-view></swan-view></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">一是</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">分子量</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">大（一般在10000以上），二是</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">分子量分布</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">具有多分散性。即高分子化合物与</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">小分子</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">不同，它在聚合过程后变成了不同分子量大小的许多高聚物的</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">混合物</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">。我们所说的某一高分子的分子量其实都是它的一种平均的分子量，当然计算</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">平均分子量</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">也以不同的权重方式分为了</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">数均分子量</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">、粘均分子量、重均分子量等。而小分子的分子量固定，都由确定分子量大小的分子组成。这是高聚物与小分子一个特征区别。</swan-text></swan-view></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 6.28vw 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 21px; font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-rich-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">名称和用途</swan-rich-text><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; right: 0px; top: -9px; font-size: 0px;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; width: 22px; height: 48px; background-image: url(&quot;https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/DA9icT7k0FZ8klGSiaA9AQWDUCTwGWfAy2EHJldYtf4zusjkIQdGsxaia8E0uicKpKczqnDoPbFUYyI8icmTtwgUo2w/640?wx_fmt=png&quot;); background-size: auto 22px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 0px center;\"></swan-view></swan-view></swan-view></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 6.28vw 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-rich-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">塑料</swan-rich-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">塑料是指以聚合物为主要成分，在一定条件（温度、压力等）下可塑成一定形状并且在常温下保持其形状不变的材料。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">塑料根据加热后的情况又可分为热塑性塑料和热固性塑料。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">加热后软化，形成高分子熔体的塑料成为热塑性塑料。主要的热塑性塑料有聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚氯乙烯、尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等。加热后固化，形成交联的不熔结构的塑料称为热固性塑料。常见的有环氧树脂, 酚醛塑料， 聚酰亚胺，三聚氰氨甲醛树脂等。塑料的加工方法包括注射，挤出，膜压，热压，吹塑等等。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 6.28vw 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-rich-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">橡胶</swan-rich-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">橡胶又可以分为天然橡胶和合成橡胶。天然橡胶的主要成分是聚异戊二烯。合成橡胶的主要品种有丁基橡胶、顺丁橡胶、氯丁橡胶、</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">三元乙丙橡胶</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">、丙烯酸酯橡胶、聚氨酯橡胶、硅橡胶、</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">氟橡胶</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">等等。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 6.28vw 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-rich-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">纤维</swan-rich-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">纤维是高分子材料的另外一个重要应用。常见的合成纤维包括尼龙、</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">涤纶</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">、</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">腈纶</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">聚酯纤维、芳纶、丙纶纤维等。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 6.28vw 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-rich-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">涂料</swan-rich-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">涂料是涂附在工业或日用产品表面起美观或这保护作用的一层高分子材料、常用的工业涂料有环氧树脂，聚氨酯等。</swan-text></swan-view></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 6.28vw 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 19px; font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-rich-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">黏合剂</swan-rich-text></swan-view></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">黏和剂是另外一类重要的高分子材料。人类在很久以前就开始使用</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">淀粉</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">，树胶等天然高分子材料做黏合剂。现代黏合剂通过其使用方式可以分为聚合型，如环氧树脂；热融型，如尼龙，聚乙烯；加压型，如天然橡胶；水溶型，如淀粉。</swan-text><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"></span></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 6.28vw 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 21px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-rich-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">新型高分子材料</swan-rich-text><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; right: 0px; top: -9px; font-size: 0px;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; width: 22px; height: 48px; background-image: url(&quot;https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/DA9icT7k0FZ8klGSiaA9AQWDUCTwGWfAy2EHJldYtf4zusjkIQdGsxaia8E0uicKpKczqnDoPbFUYyI8icmTtwgUo2w/640?wx_fmt=png&quot;); background-size: auto 22px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 0px center;\"></swan-view></swan-view></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">高分子材料包括塑料、橡胶、纤维、薄膜、</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">胶粘剂</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">和涂料等。其中，被称为现代高分子</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">三大合成材料</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">的塑料、合成纤维和合成橡胶已经成为国民经济建设与人民日常生活所必不可少的重要材料。尽管高分子材料因普遍具有许多金属和</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">无机材料</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">所无法取代的优点而获得迅速的发展，但目前已大规模生产的还是只能在寻常条件下使用的高分子物质，即所谓的通用高分子，它们存在着机械强度和刚性差、耐热性低等缺点。而现代</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">工程技术</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">的发展，则向高分子材料提出了更高的要求，因而推动了高分子材料向高性能化、功能化和</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">生物</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">化方向发展，这样就出现了许多产量低、价格高、性能优异的新型高分子材料。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 6.28vw 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-rich-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">高分子分离膜</swan-rich-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">高分子分离膜</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">是用高分子材料制成的具有选择性透过功能的半透性薄膜。采用这样的半透性薄膜，以压力差、温度梯度、浓度梯度或</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">电位</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">差为动力，使</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">气体</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">混合物、液体混合物或</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">有机物</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">、无机物的</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">溶液</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">等分离技术相比，具有省能、高效和洁净等特点，因而被认为是支撑新技术革命的重大技术。膜分离过程主要有</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">反渗透</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">、超滤、微滤、电渗析、压渗析、气体分离、渗透汽化和液膜分离等。用来制备分离、渗透汽化和液膜分离等。用来制备分离膜的高分子材料有许多种类。现在用的较多的是聚枫、聚</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">烯烃</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">、</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">纤维素</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">脂类和有机硅等。膜的形式也有多种，一般用的是平膜和空中纤维。推广应用高分子分离膜能获得巨大的经济效益和社会效益。例如，利用</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">离子</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">交换膜电解</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">食盐</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">可减少污染、节约能源：利用反渗透进行海水淡化和脱盐、要比其它方法消耗的能量都小；利用</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">气体分离膜</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">从</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">空气</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">中富集氧可大大提高</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">氧气</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">回收率等。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 6.28vw 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-rich-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">高分子磁性材料</swan-rich-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">高分子磁性材料，是人类在不断开拓磁与高分子聚合物(合成树脂、橡胶)的新应用领域的同时，而赋予磁与高分子的传统应用以新的涵义和内容的材料之一。早期磁性材料源于天然磁石，以后才利用</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">磁铁矿</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">(铁氧体)烧结或铸造成磁性体，现在工业常用的磁性材料有三种，即铁氧体磁铁、</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">稀土</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">类磁铁和铝镍钴合金磁铁等。它们的缺点是既硬且脆，加工性差。为了克服这些缺陷，将磁粉混炼于塑料或橡胶中制成的高分子磁性材料便应运而生了。这样制成的复合型高分子磁性材料，因具有比重轻、容易加工成尺寸精度高和复杂形状的制品，还能与其它元件一体成型等特点，而越来越受到人们的关注。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\"><br/></swan-text></swan-view></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img src=\"/files/202303/216381500857757575158901005.png\" title=\"01.png\" alt=\"01.png\"/></p><p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\"><br/></swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">高分子磁性材料主要可分为两大类，即结构型和复合型。所谓结构型是指并不添加无机类磁粉而高分子中制成的磁性体。目前具有实用价值的主要是复合型。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 6.28vw 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">光功能高分子材料</span><br/></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">所谓光功能高分子材料，是指能够对光进行透射、吸收、储存、转换的一类高分子材料。目前，这一类材料已有很多，主要包括</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">光导材料</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">、光记录材料、光加工材料、光学用塑料(如塑料透镜、接触眼镜等)、光转换系统材料、光显示用材料、光导电用材料、光合作用材料等。光功能高分子材料在整个社会材料对光的透射，可以制成品种繁多的线性</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">光学材料</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">，像普通的安全玻璃、各种透镜、棱镜等;利用高分子材料</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">曲线</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">传播特性，又可以开发出非线性光学元件，如</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">塑料光导纤维</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">、塑料</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">石英</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">复合光导纤维等；而先进的</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">信息储存</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">元件兴盘的基本材料就是高性能的有机玻璃和聚碳酸脂。此外，利用高分子材料的光</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">化学反应</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">，可以开发出在电子工业和印刷工业上得到广泛使用的</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">感光树脂</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">、光固化涂料及粘合剂;利用高分子材料的能量转换特性，可制成光</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">导电材料</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">和光致变色材料；利用某些高分子材料的折光率随</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">机械应力</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">而变化的特性，可开发出光弹材料，用于研究力</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">结构材料</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">内部的应力分布等。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 16px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 6.28vw 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 19px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">高分子复合材料</span><br/></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">高分子材料和另外不同组成、不同形状、不同性质的物质复合粘结而成的</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">多相材料</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">。</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">高分子复合材料</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">最大优点是博各种材料之长，如高强度、质轻、耐温、耐腐蚀、绝热、绝缘等性质，根据应用目的，选取高分子材料和其他具有特殊性质的材料，制成满足需要的复合材料。高分子复合材料分为两大类：高分子结构复合材料和高分子</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">功能复合材料</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">。以前者为主。高分子结构复合材料包括两个组分：①增强剂。为具有高强度、高模量、耐温的纤维及织物，如</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">玻璃纤维</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">、氮化硅晶须、</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">硼纤维</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">及以上纤维的织物。②基体材料。主要是起粘合作用的胶粘剂，如不饱合</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">聚酯树脂</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、聚酰亚胺等热固性树脂及苯乙烯、聚丙烯等热塑性树脂，这种复合材料的比强度和比模量比金属还高，是国防、尖端技术方面不可缺少的材料。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 6.28vw 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 21px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-rich-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">合成加工</swan-rich-text><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; right: 0px; top: -9px; font-size: 0px;\"><swan-view style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; width: 22px; height: 48px; background-image: url(&quot;https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/DA9icT7k0FZ8klGSiaA9AQWDUCTwGWfAy2EHJldYtf4zusjkIQdGsxaia8E0uicKpKczqnDoPbFUYyI8icmTtwgUo2w/640?wx_fmt=png&quot;); background-size: auto 22px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 0px center;\"></swan-view></swan-view></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">高分子材料在加工之前，要先进行合成，把单体合成为聚合物进行造粒，然后才进行熔融加工。高分子材料的合成方法有</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">本体聚合</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">、</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">悬浮聚合</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">、</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">乳液聚合</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">、</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">溶液聚合</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">和气相聚合等。这其中</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">引发剂</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">起了很重要的作用，</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">偶氮引发剂</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">和过氧类引发剂都是常用的引发剂，</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">高分子材料助剂</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">往往对高分子材料性能的改进和成本的降低也有很明显的作用。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">加工工艺高分子材料的加工成型不是单纯的物理过程，而是决定高分子材料最终结构和性能的重要环节。除胶粘剂、涂料一般无需加工成形而可直接使用外、橡胶、纤维、塑料等通常须用相应的成形方法加工成制品。一般</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">塑料制品</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">常用的成形方法有挤出、注射、压延、吹塑、模压或传递模塑等。橡胶制品有塑炼、混炼、压延或挤出等成形工序。纤维有纺丝溶体制备、纤维成形和卷绕、后处理、初生纤维的拉伸和热定型等。</swan-text></swan-view><swan-view style=\"margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; letter-spacing: 0.544px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;STHeiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">在成型过程中，聚合物有可能受</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">温度</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">、</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">压强</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">、</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">应力</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">及作用时间等变化的影响，导致高分子降解、交联以及其他化学反应，使聚合物的聚集态结构和</swan-text><sw-1083 style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;\"><swan-text style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; color: rgb(58, 127, 222);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">化学结构</span></swan-text></sw-1083><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\">发生变化。因此加工过程不仅决定高分子材料制品的外观形状和质量，而且对材料超分子结构和织态结构甚至链结构有重要影响。</swan-text></swan-view></p><div><swan-text selectable=\"true\" style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; user-select: text;\"><br/></swan-text></div><p><br/></p><p><br/></p>","readnumber":141,"commentnumber":0,"coverphoto":"202303/R9LYdrNwz9gw0n4w1nIJ.png","state":"已审核","sort":0,"top":true,"files":[],"weblink":"","wxtitle":"","wximg":"","wxbrief":"","createddatetime":"2023-03-21 15:17:46","createuserid":11,"createusername":"曾杏银","createusertype":"管理员","id":179}}